# Publications — samirvarma.com _Auto-generated on 2026-06-01T21:37:50+00:00 by make-papers-legible-to-machines._ > First-person Samir voice, factual, no marketing register. ## [2026] 2026_Varma_JRFM_BTCUSDTLiquidityResiliency - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm19050372 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2026-bitcoin-liquidity-resiliency/2026_Varma_JRFM_BTCUSDTLiquidityResiliency.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2026-bitcoin-liquidity-resiliency/2026_Varma_JRFM_BTCUSDTLiquidityResiliency.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2026-bitcoin-liquidity-resiliency/CITATION.cff - Description: Develops a queueing-theoretic framework for within-venue monitoring of order-book liquidity and resiliency on a single trading venue, applied to BTC/USDT on Binance. Treats limit-order arrivals, executions, and cancellations as a queueing system whose stationary characteristics reveal the venue's depth and recovery dynamics. Establishes liquidity and resiliency metrics computable from public market data alone, and demonstrates the framework on real Binance feeds — providing a tool for venue health monitoring without requiring cross-venue or proprietary data. ## [2026] 2026_Varma_MPLA_OrbifoldFermionMass - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732326500732 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2026-unified-fermion-mass-ratios-orbifold/2026_Varma_MPLA_OrbifoldFermionMass.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2026-unified-fermion-mass-ratios-orbifold/2026_Varma_MPLA_OrbifoldFermionMass.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2026-unified-fermion-mass-ratios-orbifold/CITATION.cff - Description: Constructs the minimal modular-covariant, permutation-symmetric, degree-zero functional of charged-fermion masses motivated by simple-current orbifolds where twisted sectors carry characteristic chiral and left-right 'degrees.' Shows that this functional reproduces the universal fermion-mass-ratio pattern previously identified empirically, providing a CFT/orbifold-theoretic foundation. Connects the empirical regularity to a specific class of orbifold compactifications and clarifies which orbifold ingredients are load-bearing for the observed mass hierarchy. ## [2025] 2025_Varma_EPJC_FermionMassRatios - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14771-0 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-hidden-pattern-particle-masses/2025_Varma_EPJC_FermionMassRatios.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-hidden-pattern-particle-masses/2025_Varma_EPJC_FermionMassRatios.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-hidden-pattern-particle-masses/CITATION.cff - Description: A single analytic form, using only the mass-ordering index d and electric charge q, fits all 30 independent quark mass ratios from MZ to 10^12 GeV with chi^2/dof << 10^-6 and stable O(1) parameters, and extends to charged leptons and neutrinos. Three orthogonal checks (permutation, basis scan, AIC/BIC against alternative functional forms) establish specificity. The pattern predicts percent-level deviations from standard running near 10^14 GeV and Sigma m_nu ~= 0.06 eV. ## [2025] 2025_Varma_JPM_DrawdownRules - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2025.1.765 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-drawdown-rules/2025_Varma_JPM_DrawdownRules.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-drawdown-rules/2025_Varma_JPM_DrawdownRules.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-drawdown-rules/CITATION.cff - Description: Examines when stop-loss-style drawdown rules deliver their advertised protection and when they cause greater losses than the unmanaged drawdown would have produced. Reviews the optimal-stopping foundations (Grossman-Zhou, Carr-Zhang-Hadjiliadis) and contrasts theoretical promises with practitioner outcomes. Develops a practical framework portfolio managers can integrate into existing risk-management systems, with principles that hold across market regimes and strategies — focused on clear, actionable rules rather than complex econometrics. ## [2025] 2025_BakerMinicVarma_IntechOpen_QuantumTheoryMeetsGravity - DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004960 - Type: book (editor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-quantum-theory-meets-gravity/2025_BakerMinicVarma_IntechOpen_QuantumTheoryMeetsGravity.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-quantum-theory-meets-gravity/2025_BakerMinicVarma_IntechOpen_QuantumTheoryMeetsGravity.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-quantum-theory-meets-gravity/CITATION.cff - Description: Open-access edited volume (IntechOpen, 2025) bringing together five chapters at the intersection of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Topics span gravitational effects on quantum interference, black-hole thermodynamics, extra dimensions, and supersymmetry. The unifying through-line is that entropy and entanglement keep surfacing across seemingly unrelated quantum-gravity contexts, hinting at structural principles that survive whichever full theory eventually wins. Edited by Oliver K. Baker, Djordje Minic, and Samir Varma; reader's guide at samirvarma.substack.com/p/a-readers-guide-to-quantum-theory. ## [2025] 2025_Varma_IffBooks_ScienceOfFreeWill - Type: book (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2024-science-of-free-will/2025_Varma_IffBooks_ScienceOfFreeWill.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2024-science-of-free-will/2025_Varma_IffBooks_ScienceOfFreeWill.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2024-science-of-free-will/CITATION.cff - Description: A book-length argument that strict determinism remains the cleanest scientific stance on free will, traced through physics, neuroscience, AI, and everyday life. Surveys the experimental and theoretical evidence (quantum measurement, computational irreducibility, cognitive neuroscience), draws out consequences for moral responsibility, traffic, religion, animal cognition, and AI ethics, and argues that giving up free will does not collapse the lived experience of choice — it sharpens it. Iff Books (2025), ISBN 9781803417318. ## [2025] 2025_VarmaKapulkin_IntechOpen_QFTCurvedSpacetime - DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1012307 - Type: incollection (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-qft-curved-spacetime/2025_VarmaKapulkin_IntechOpen_QFTCurvedSpacetime.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-qft-curved-spacetime/2025_VarmaKapulkin_IntechOpen_QFTCurvedSpacetime.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-qft-curved-spacetime/CITATION.cff - Description: Derives closed-form expressions for gravitational phase shifts in quantum interference experiments. For 87-Rb atoms in a 10 m orbital interferometer at 400 km altitude, predicts a shift ~2.7e-21 rad. Uses path-integral methods adapted from Stodolsky's formalism to compare scalar fields, photons, and spin-1/2 Dirac fermions in curved spacetime. Finds universal tidal coupling to curvature plus spin-dependent corrections, and shows that frame-dragging in Kerr geometry yields phase shifts with odd slit-separation dependence — a distinguishing signature absent in static spacetimes. ## [2025] 2025_VarmaBeitman_Zenodo_TherapyLoopAI - DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15556365 - Type: misc (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-therapy-loop-prompt-pattern/2025_VarmaBeitman_Zenodo_TherapyLoopAI.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-therapy-loop-prompt-pattern/2025_VarmaBeitman_Zenodo_TherapyLoopAI.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/2025-therapy-loop-prompt-pattern/CITATION.cff - Description: Proposes a 'therapy-loop' prompt pattern for trustworthy AI inspired by clinical psychiatry: instead of issuing fluent but unfounded answers, the system is required to surface its uncertainty, ground claims in checkable sources, and iteratively refine its response in dialogue with the user. Frames LLM confabulation as a failure of epistemic discipline analogous to symptoms a therapist would address, and shows how the pattern reduces confident-but-wrong outputs in embodied-agent settings where confabulation has tangible cost. Co-authored with Bernard Beitman. ## [2020] 2020_VarmaSarfati_US10706461_TrafficDecongestion - US Patent: 10706461 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US10706461) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us10706461/2020_VarmaSarfati_US10706461_TrafficDecongestion.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us10706461/2020_VarmaSarfati_US10706461_TrafficDecongestion.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us10706461/CITATION.cff - Description: System and method for traffic decongestion that combines market-mechanism pricing with real-time routing to allocate constrained road capacity. Vehicles bid (or are charged) for access to congested links, and the routing/pricing layer continuously rebalances flow to maximize throughput under physical capacity constraints. Granted Jul 7, 2020; co-inventor Daniel Sarfati (Raanana); assignee GREENLIGHTSTRADING LLC. The first non-finance patent in the inventory. ## [2019] 2019_Varma_US20190354912A1_SoftwareAdoption - US Patent: 20190354912 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190354912A1) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-software-adoption/2019_Varma_US20190354912A1_SoftwareAdoption.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-software-adoption/2019_Varma_US20190354912A1_SoftwareAdoption.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-software-adoption/CITATION.cff - Description: Patent application (filed 2019) for systems and methods that measure, predict, and accelerate software adoption inside organizations. Covers signal capture from usage telemetry, scoring of adoption stages per user/team, and interventions (nudges, training routing, configuration changes) targeted at the adoption stage. Sole inventor: Samir Varma. ## [2018] 2018_Varma_US20180096432A1_RelationalInfo3D - US Patent: 20180096432 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180096432A1) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-relational-info-3d/2018_Varma_US20180096432A1_RelationalInfo3D.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-relational-info-3d/2018_Varma_US20180096432A1_RelationalInfo3D.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-relational-info-3d/CITATION.cff - Description: Patent application (filed 2018) for representing relational information in three-dimensional space — graph-like structured data visualized and navigated as a 3D scene rather than a 2D diagram. Covers spatial layout heuristics, interaction primitives, and how user actions in the 3D representation update the underlying relational store. Sole inventor: Samir Varma. ## [2017] 2017_Varma_US20170308674A1_ContingentPropertyRight - US Patent: 20170308674 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170308674A1) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-contingent-property-right/2017_Varma_US20170308674A1_ContingentPropertyRight.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-contingent-property-right/2017_Varma_US20170308674A1_ContingentPropertyRight.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-contingent-property-right/CITATION.cff - Description: Patent application (filed 2017) for the generation and transfer of a contingently deliverable property right — a financial instrument whose delivery is conditioned on a specified contingency (event, threshold, time). Covers issuance, recording, and transfer mechanics including escrow, settlement, and revocation pathways. Sits at the intersection of derivative-instrument design and digital-asset transfer. Sole inventor: Samir Varma. ## [2017] 2017_Varma_US20170337575A1_ConsumerParticipationCreditAllocation - US Patent: 20170337575 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170337575A1) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-consumer-participation-credit-allocation/2017_Varma_US20170337575A1_ConsumerParticipationCreditAllocation.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-consumer-participation-credit-allocation/2017_Varma_US20170337575A1_ConsumerParticipationCreditAllocation.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-consumer-participation-credit-allocation/CITATION.cff - Description: Patent application (filed 2017) for systems and methods that use consumer participation associated with an event to allocate credit (financial or reputational) to service providers. The disclosed system observes participation signals, scores provider contribution, and apportions credit accordingly. Targets settings — marketplaces, ride-sharing, multi-party events — where attribution among service providers is ambiguous. Sole inventor: Samir Varma. ## [2015] 2015_Varma_US20150172400A1_ITServicesManagement - US Patent: 20150172400 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150172400A1) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-it-services-mgmt/2015_Varma_US20150172400A1_ITServicesManagement.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-it-services-mgmt/2015_Varma_US20150172400A1_ITServicesManagement.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-it-services-mgmt/CITATION.cff - Description: Patent application (filed 2015) for managing information-technology services through a structured workflow and data model. Targets the operational pain point that IT-service organizations track tickets, configurations, and dependencies in fragmented systems that lose context across handoffs. The disclosed system integrates request routing, configuration-state tracking, and service-level monitoring into a unified pipeline. Sole inventor: Samir Varma. ## [2013] 2013_VarmaShore_US8606672_InvestmentAnalysis - US Patent: 8606672 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US8606672) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us8606672/2013_VarmaShore_US8606672_InvestmentAnalysis.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us8606672/2013_VarmaShore_US8606672_InvestmentAnalysis.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us8606672/CITATION.cff - Description: Information-processing apparatus and method for analyzing investment information using vector representations of financial requests and indicators. An input unit receives a financial request plus investment variables; a description-vector unit constructs at least two vectors encoding those inputs; downstream processing yields the requested analysis. Granted Dec 10, 2013; co-inventor Michael Wayne Shore (Dallas); assignee Reconstructor Holdings LLC. Extends the 2002 resampling-statistics patent. ## [2002] 2002_Varma_US6349291_FinancialResampling - US Patent: 6349291 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US6349291) - Type: patent (inventor) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us6349291/2002_Varma_US6349291_FinancialResampling.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us6349291/2002_Varma_US6349291_FinancialResampling.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/patent-us6349291/CITATION.cff - Description: Method and system for analyzing, displaying, and disseminating financial information using resampled (bootstrap) statistical methods. The system samples historical financial data with replacement to construct empirical distributions of risk and return metrics that do not rely on parametric assumptions, then surfaces and disseminates results to end users. Granted Feb 19, 2002; original assignee Attractor Holdings LLC (current INVESTPIC LLC). Foundational patent in Samir's resampling-based portfolio-analytics line. ## [1996] 1996_Varma_JMP_QuantumScatteringRearrangement - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.531476 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/quantum-scattering-theory-paper/1996_Varma_JMP_QuantumScatteringRearrangement.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/quantum-scattering-theory-paper/1996_Varma_JMP_QuantumScatteringRearrangement.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/quantum-scattering-theory-paper/CITATION.cff - Description: Presents an exactly solvable quantum field theory that admits rearrangement collisions, and solves it in the relevant sectors. Demonstrates orthonormality and completeness of the solutions, constructs the S-matrix, and uses the exact solutions to test standard assumptions in quantum scattering theory: isometry of the Moller wave matrix, normalization and completeness of asymptotic states, and orthogonality of basis states. Shows that these standard assertions fail in this model, and outlines a general scattering-theory formalism that overcomes the limitations of existing formulations. ## [1995] 1995_Varma_UTAustin_PhDThesis_QuantumScattering - arXiv: hep-th/9510170. (https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9510170.) - Type: phdthesis (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/dissertation-quantum-scattering-theory/1995_Varma_UTAustin_PhDThesis_QuantumScattering.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/dissertation-quantum-scattering-theory/1995_Varma_UTAustin_PhDThesis_QuantumScattering.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/dissertation-quantum-scattering-theory/CITATION.cff - Description: PhD dissertation (UT Austin, 1995) that introduces an exactly solvable quantum field theory admitting rearrangement collisions and uses it as a test bed for the standard apparatus of quantum scattering theory. The dissertation establishes the model, solves it in the relevant sectors, constructs the S-matrix, and shows that several common claims of conventional scattering formalism (Moller-matrix isometry, asymptotic-state completeness, basis orthogonality) fail in this model. Proposes a more general scattering-theory framework. The 1996 J. Math. Phys. paper with Sudarshan is a published distillation of the core results. ## [1993] 1993_Beane_PLB_StronglyInteractingWZ - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)91207-4 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/strongly-interacting-ws-zs/1993_Beane_PLB_StronglyInteractingWZ.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/strongly-interacting-ws-zs/1993_Beane_PLB_StronglyInteractingWZ.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/strongly-interacting-ws-zs/CITATION.cff - Description: Examines the elastic-unitarity constraint applied to strong WL-WL scattering. Argues that imposing elastic unitarity on a low-energy effective theory obtained by integrating out heavy degrees of freedom effectively reintroduces those heavy degrees of freedom without altering the assumed spectrum. As a concrete case, the work considers intermediate states involving a heavy Higgs and a hypothetical fourth-generation fermion doublet; contrary to claims in earlier work, finds no spurious p-wave resonance. ## [1992] 1992_Varma_PRD_FiniteTempCompton - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.46.3630 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/finite-temp-compton-scattering/1992_Varma_PRD_FiniteTempCompton.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/finite-temp-compton-scattering/1992_Varma_PRD_FiniteTempCompton.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/finite-temp-compton-scattering/CITATION.cff - Description: Calculates the O(alpha^3) finite-temperature radiative corrections to the differential and total Compton scattering cross sections, with the initial electron at rest. Shows that soft photon absorption and emission diagrams must be included to cancel the infrared divergences. Works in the real-time formalism where finite-temperature contributions separate cleanly from zero-temperature pieces and ultraviolet divergences sit only in the zero-T part. Establishes the temperature regime at which thermal corrections become numerically significant for Compton processes relevant to early-Universe cosmology. ## [1991] 1991_Edwards_PhysFluidsA_WavyVorticesCouetteTaylor - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.858203 - Type: article (author) - PDF: https://samirvarma.com/publications/couette-taylor-wavy-vortices/1991_Edwards_PhysFluidsA_WavyVorticesCouetteTaylor.pdf - Markdown: https://samirvarma.com/publications/couette-taylor-wavy-vortices/1991_Edwards_PhysFluidsA_WavyVorticesCouetteTaylor.md - Citation: https://samirvarma.com/publications/couette-taylor-wavy-vortices/CITATION.cff - Description: Studies the transition from Taylor vortex flow to wavy vortex flow in the finite-length Couette-Taylor problem using a fully resolved numerical code. Computes leading eigenmodes and eigenvalues for arbitrary axial Floquet exponents and azimuthal wave numbers, obtaining the full complex dispersion relation. Shows that for aspect ratios below 30 the Ginzburg-Landau approximation is unreliable; proposes and validates a two-Floquet-mode superposition model against experimental data at aspect ratios 8-34, with good agreement on critical Reynolds numbers, wave numbers, and wave speeds.