THATHETOUT UNTUK TA ON MIATOA NENO LA MULTIANTHI US 20170308674A1 ( 19) United States ( 12 ) Patent Application Publication (10 ) Pub. No.: US 2017/0308674 A1 Salzer et al. (43) Pub . Date: Oct. 26 , 2017 ( 54 ) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE GENERATION AND TRANSFER OF A (52) CPC U .S. CI......... G06F 19 /3456 (2013.01); G06F 19 / 328 CONTINGENTLY DELIVERABLE ( 2013 .01 ) PROPERTY RIGHT (71 ) Applicants :Stephen Jeffrey Salzer, Greenwich , CT (US ); Samir Varma, Cos Cob , CT (US ) (57) ABSTRACT (72 ) Inventors: Stephen Jeffrey Salzer , Greenwich , CT (US ); Samir Varma, Cos Cob , CT (US) System and methods are described herein for generating and transferring a contingently deliverable property right (21) Appl. No.: 15/493, 110 (CDPR ) associated with a medical good or service. Own ership of the CDPR may be separated from delivery of the (22) Filed : Apr. 20, 2017 medical good or service . In one aspect, a method may Related U .S . Application Data include generating a CDPR unique ID for a medical good or service made available by a medical provider and storing the (60 ) Provisional application No. 62 /325,420 , filed on Apr. CDPR unique ID and medical good or service information 20 , 2016 . in an object in the memory . The method may further include receiving first ownership information corresponding to the Publication Classification medical good or service , and associating the first ownership (51) Int . CI. information with the CDPR unique ID . The CDPR unique G06F 19 / 00 (2011.01) ID may indicate or include a transferrable right to take G06F 19 /00 (2011.01) delivery of the medical good or service . 368 Scan captured via app on smartphone, website, or uploaded via user' s computer 605 Se Scan or otherwise capture prescription Indicate to customer ready to make a purchase 615 Prescription Database Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 1 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 102 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UDP UDP TCP TCP 12 HTTP Network Firewall vos 108 HTTP 104 JSON - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - XML - - - - - - - - - - 1067 Multi-WAN Internet Link Load Balancer Router 110 - a 110 -b Distributed Distributed Web Servers Lo Web Servers Apache Apache Lie be Apache - - - 115 115 --aa JDBC JDBC ODBC 115 -1 - - - - ODBC - - - - Distributed Lo Distributed - - Database Servers - - - - Database Servers - - - - RDBMS - MySQL RDBMS -MySQL I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fig . 1 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 2 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 200 Additional Components 210 225 I/O Device Central Network Interfaces Processor Interface Unit System Bus Memory Persistent Storage 230 245 235 250 Routine OS Program Data Data Fig. 2 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 3 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 Se Presentation Layer HTML Native PC Native Clients Applications Mobile Apps 305 325 320 ( Internet 330 Web Server Services Layer 310 - - - - - - - - - + - - - - Marketplace L Utilization Medical Service Scheduling Service Review Service Provider Service Service Provide Buyer/Seller Provide Utilization Provide Provider Schedule Lpdates Interface Reviewer Interfacc 1348 Interface 13482 Patient ????? Provide Marketplace Link to insurance co . Bundling Listing Searching Tools Price Compare ????? Authentication Inventory Registration 1350 Registration HIPAA CDPR Service (customer) Integration Data Aggregation Service Prescription CDPR Creation 63521 Reporting CDPR Ownership HIPAA Verification Tracking Link to Insurance Service 04 D : 1 Billing Collections Co. Prescription Account HIPAA validation Management HIPAA HIPAA - - - - - - - - - Persistence Layer 315 - - - - - - — — Goods & Prescription Provider Referral Insurance | | Product Customer Services Supplier Rules and Company Listings Database Database Database Database || Commissions Rules Database Goods Information Prescription Database Database Product Customer Provider Registration Rules Insurance Information Information Scrvices Information Supplier Commissions Rules - Information Registration - - - - 364 -- 306 - 308 _ __ _ 370 __ _ 372 -- - 374 __ _ 378_1 Fig. 3 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 4 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 400 Tax ID 445 Prescr?iption 440 Delibyver date 435 ExpirationDate 430 TSilmoet 425 4 . Fig = Pro/duct 420 Service ProvIDider 415 Delivery 410 CustIDomer 405 - -- - ----Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 5 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 ERE Goods and Services Database F - 366 Yes Reccive selection to buy or sell, or the right to buy or sell, a medical service , pharmaceutical or durable Yes medical good 505 Is selection reccived from an insurance company or medical necessity review organization ? Does the service require a prescription ? 520 Yes / No Customer Database Is the customer the end user of the product/service ? 315 Docs Yes the customer already No have a prescription ? Fig . 5 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 6 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 000 - 368 Scan captured via app on Scan or otherwise Prescription smartphone, website , or uploaded capture prescription Database via user's computer 605 610 Indicate to customer ready to make a purchase 615 Fig . 6 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 7 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 Database remote (: g . at 370 a PSruopv/ildier icnosmurpancyeelsew)here Nsetuwasocrhk Inte,orLANWAN735net presocrfordiputciotn pr7esc2rib5er No Cruescteoimverd asfuethrovrizcemd 370 – PSruopv/ilderData()localb se 364 Lpoircodevniesdresdr ,ostic 715 etc DME diagnlab Is apurtehsocinrizbedraNuethow,orisoizekdpres?”NICE“criber 720 Customer Database Yes 366 Fig 7 . plhoysciatacaledy paruatchtoitrioznedrpdresoidcruiecbdteseror?vice 705 Goands Services Database Yes Msperdoviicdaelsrcuowtmiluinziactaioehnsreviewer 730 F cust1somer 372 Caudsvtiistogomedr psreorscthe.dvruicbt pacruaotchntoistriuozlnetdr Prsfoetvre(netoniaumelrtZehofrecorDuaoglchssoietmrhiv).710leiacre Reufeandlreasl Database 700 No Comisions Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 8 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 800 Communication received by Utilization Reviewer 805 Utilization review conducted - 366 810 Goods and Services Database Service/good /etc is Yes Yes approved ? 815 No Provider is prompted to System integrated into appeal or offer patient a Utilization Review No prescription and refer to company 's software ? system so that they can 825 purchase service or product directly . 820 Fig. 8 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 9 of 19U S 2017/0308674 A1 374 ServicesDatabase Icnosumrpancey 366 - drlauota()lcbaesle Goands Nsetuaswcorhk IntWANeorLAN,net 735 a web905logsontosi e iPnrcol(duuicntglimtobutnoti ed Drugs,DME) prevfiemay,berwncreposrpfotumtoipctenhrsdrdeqlui925ate.asvr dy Icrnosumlp'raencsye at(,e.g:remotedatabaseicnosmupr'ancyeelsew)here icnosmuAtprancye URatecivliezsatwieorns 9 . Fig sys910tem ser?vice 915 Reviisewer proforaskmtopted lpwoahctaeitronert swearvn920itcse 370 a RPDlahpdotyrias()c,obilarhisdcoulagecytTheLab,)rapy iSnecrl(vudicneg lPSiruopmvpbutnottoi/ldiedr WAN or gIenotgerLAN /anhitc Y , code zip 900 eclsoem)wr'phaerney 370 Nsetuaswcorhk 735 PSDruaoptva/ilbdiaesr atranc : g . e , ( insuremote Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 10 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 10 0 Database remote ( , . : g Nsetuwasocrhk Inteor,LANnet WAN735 366 PSruopv/ilder icnosmup'atrancyeelsewor)here a Gooands Services Database 370 PSruopv/ilderData(local)b se Ptrsuhreycrscanh,oetuslegrhm psthreoravdnotievudcyed cdPtoeranlsidnitr.kuvmecertdys sperrovonlyandcanbebyicespcreodvsethebynotn.Ifidilards psurecbyhthei,dateafsi rd pfutorcfhieaicstesr 1030 csvorehdinepdbebytlioarleds No spero1005vordBuyaicet caulstIsthetowm drdperloitakethisdofvucrtyrsecrorthis?ev vce 1010 . Fig 10 Ppctswrhuoeyranobcsvdk,ritnurhieadmslegcymhted pfotuprhtc1025eat.fiehacoisrnt pcresocrubuyscanforaipltiod arleolgviesdt nrsuecmsforhisofCTtoHeadbnel withpeclnet ntcehueormsbuy cdPspvroehdlrinedvbeby.anandptuilocartesypsdcrueorlnvcsihnotthean.,Ifbyatetakervd?uislmcrdysr 378 Yes Prdeunrgltcaihrveadisrlensyrgcspocrnhseoudfrmuplticnotgn , . sepxartvmiFor upnaitnorihersunetds1015 LPirsotdiuncgtsDatabase 372 Reufelreasl Coami|nsiodns Database Pruircghsellcanbuytheorstrs tshyrsateyowno,heughmtvraeinsgfd:rehoatrblsptrohvicanresellgoodiersdtfsehulritorvureicdyeptahrsellcantiThe.irds ptahritreds PwauirtcshoeamsepsrtpsreorsForordv.euilclteswepixecasuto,mlhapetlosrepsrufervcihovaiuscerldy cstwcahncedneauolyetnd atkpheomisne.tlmvnpstrVoheptanthetodivnrs 1020 other and users / to or those right ipnarstouisell-orfeintd pwsreivsitohluselsy drpwieofhflieaurcenhdytcatwurshitamayoenmgehr Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 11 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 10 Database remote ( . , : g PSruopv/ildier icnosmuat'sprancyeelseor)where Refsulrcenroadsmwe voepntwith,toandi rn colflatfeea,c cpoenrtcreanctaugaelpaymfeenynoorotherntsvfcerhnthedomr 1125 a Nsetuaswcorhk InteLANWAN,ornet 735 Vsbeindlosr1120 372 370 · 366 11 . Fig Camtphoeninacertkys aecscfees,ndintheoruonwta1cfeeo1un5t 378 PSruopv/ilderDlaota()cbasle Goands ServicesDatabase Comisions Reufelandreasl Database LPirsotdiuncgtsDatabase .ornesd any , In roepqtuiif Iicnosumtrpoauncteypersocdayofcostintorucwcaocntraflat,dfeeocuunal poertcehrnofeeanytagre psfacyrhthemomnticnosmnuanypratncoe cahcofur.osintg 1110 pPlfurocwdisheaoucemtd nvetnwcostthatisin-dork imnseurwith,andthatallncse pinreoctvlwiudoerks cdiwonrtsieruactrelhrydctohntrandoaucstgehnirentsnw"”byuotrekdrs Multsuch(as)iplan1105 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 12 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 120 Database : g . e , ( remote PSruopv/ilder icnosmurp'satancyeelse)orwhere Rfesulrcenarodsmew voepnttowithan,di rn cola,flatfeec cpoenrtcreanctaugaelpoatymfeenynorh nrtpsfrcohvtheiodmr1225 370 a Nsetuaswcorhk IntWANoreLAN,net 735 Psbreoivnldelsr 1220 370 372 366 12 . Fig Camtphopeninacertkys aecscthefeesindo,ruontw a1c2feeo1un5t 378 PSruopv/ilderDlaota()cbasle Goands Services Database Comisions Reufeandlrreasl Database LPirsotdiuncgts Database pSfuerchvisaoicemdplrowvisincostthatiederinwestiuwrand,atonrchkermteqhuealliartesd pidrnocrvleiucdtelrsyciwoantsirnuatrcedhr nirentsnw"”byuotrekdrsMultsuchas1205().iplan iIcnosmutrtopauncytesesrcvcostofintopayricwecaocntrdfeea,oflatcuunalopetrchanyerfeenontargepsfacyrhmtheomnticnosmnupanyratncoecahcoourfsintg 1210 Inonrsk any if - . onpetiw, ctohntroaucstgehd Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 13 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 1300 I G @ Secure |Https://... LOX Name of product or service that you wish to purchase (search by CPT code, service type, generic drug name or brand name): Search Cancel Cart Your Account PaymentMethod Change Password Update Information Past Orders Recently Search Items Customer Service Fig . 13 1400 Breadcrumb trail ( clickable list of filters selected ) @ @ Secure |Https://... - ox Total Number of Results: X X1 in imaging X2 in pharmaceuticals X3 in lab tests Selectable drilldown Item 1 filters Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Cart Your Account PaymentMethod Change Password Update Information Item N Past Orders | Recently Search Items Page Yl of Y Customer Service Fig. 14 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 14 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 1500 Breadcrumb trail (clickable list of filters selected to get to here ) © Secure |Https://... 1 _ 0Xl You have selected to redeem item X . This item requires a prescription . Do you have one ready to scan , upload , or provide in some other way ? ( electronic proof, link , etc ). Scan Provide electronic proof) ( I don 't have one Upload File ) ( Provide link ) ( Provide Photo Cart Your Account Payment Method Change Password Update Information Past Orders Recently Search Items Customer Service Fig . 15 1600 Breadcrumb trail ( clickable list of filters selected to get to here ) @ @ Secure | Https://.. ] _ ox You have selected to redeem Item X . This item requires a prescription , and you have indicated you do not have one. Please obtain a prescription from an authorized provider. A list is below . Click HERE to bookmark this page for your return when you have a prescription . Provider 1 Cart Provider 2 Your Account Provider 3 PaymentMethod Change Password Update Information Provider N Past Orders Recently Search Items Customer Service o Fig. 16 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 15 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 170 LOX defatohome()zipults PAYcounrt MaeytmheondtPCahsawnogredIUnfpordmatioen RSIetcaenrtmclshy CSuesrtvoimcer Cart OPradesrts Code Zip te To To Mizipfromcodel s Fig . 17 FromFerom Fr m OFptiMynods c e d r P s . p c u orn h g flo e t sa cu i dv r hm u e i d p alt r sc lin eo s ty g rn fee our get or no of be , We other flat which tprearncseaid canyaigoen nuprcsenauiotrnmsibuy ptescrwheaxsomytcihsrumForbuyfor.,eptalvmnlieohdtsn forhisher.fHeadCTtolbgnleitt swphaieovlcomelikelateto–uffpnirlgs Secure . / : | @ Https fgcturheoatieyouand(,willvhc rs pfgolrtexn(,moreheyouareaitbilarl esovabfevtcanthe)stiiggs dMtwyiarsxatiovlmneuclme psoatvei)ntnigasl RDantgeRTainmge In Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 16 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 180 OX MAYcounrt PeaytmheondtPCahsaswnogred IUnfpordmatioen RSIetcaenrtmclshy CSuesrtvoimcer sPorti()abcle Cart OPradesrts C1 C2 $ $ Dsiosrt()anbcle miZ1les milZ2es Fig 18 . Psro vt()iadbelr Provider1 Provider2 caCpsbwtorglunifencroepmkhidtafnmegoiswhgectn csPrdpeocurnhglsetocauidhrvmf.uepadiltsrilcenostyrgn tprearncseaidflatgetourfeecanheyWe,beofnoorwhichotheraigoen ptescrheaxsomytchsrmiu.,Forwithbuyanforeplmvlieodts nuprcsenauiotrnmsiHeadfCTtor.buyforhisherlbgnleitt cAprfoueinclrqdecuaip.fandtothilarcnsezkse sortTime()abl :hh1mm1tohhlammla tohh2amm2a: Secure Https . / : | A psCuelrcitowandheacskte @ Dateabl 20xx-yylzz2 20xx-yy2zz2 ) sort( Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 17 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 190 LOX PAYcounrt Maeytmheondt PCahsawnogred IUnfpordmatioen RSIetcaenrtmclshy CSuesrtvoimcer Cart OPradesrts C2 $ milZ2es 19 . Fig Provider2 csPrdpeocurnhglsetorcauidhrf.mvuepadiltsrilcenostyrgn tprearncsegetourfeewhichcanheyotherWe,beofnooridflataigoen ptescrheaxsomytchsrForbuyform.,iwithaneplvmlieodts nuprcsenauiotrnmsilHeadbuyforhisher.fCTtobgnleitet cieponmfroairimYouandutthe(willalsobelinktoge)a i n Secure . / : | A Https Pirnpbuferocrmvandh(etoi)atnispoegntr hh2amm2a:to paNPrduhomvndforibeser dpliMaroocevacntotidiepnrs Prthispagent 20xx zz2 yy2 Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 18 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 20 0 OX Priceab ) ( all editfor pUlirueprvtcli/hoaseueltmdy aulitcnhuatne(reosukminsrd serpast )v c yet not date their PAYccounrt MaeytmheondtPCahsawnogredIUnfpordm|atioen RSIetcaenrtmclshy CSuesrtvoimcer $ C1 $ C2 Cart OPradesrts Location Z1 Z2 ProviderProvider1Provider2 . 20 Fig psreorv)idiecres perdoivt(.)foregiTimeadbls iUnfporlemoataiwodn regisfor(onlyteed csPrdpeocurnhglsetocauidf.vhrmuepadiltsrilcenostyrgn tprearncsewhichother,Webeofnoorgetourfeecanyidflataigoen ptescwrheaxsomytcihsrm.,uForbuyforeptalvmnlieohdtsn nuprcsenauioctrnmsibuyfCTfortohishera.Headlbgnleitt hhl:mm1toammla hh2 toa : mm2 Https Secure . / | : perdoivt(.)foregDateiadbls psreorvi)diecres 20xx 20xx zz2 yyl zz2 yy2 - iEnfnormetatiworn regis(onlyforteed 5D Patent Application Publication Oct. 26 , 2017 Sheet 19 of 19 US 2017/0308674 A1 Generate CDPR having a CDPR unique ID 2100 for medical good or service 2105 Store CDPR as object 2110 Receive first ownership information corresponding to the CDPR unique ID for medical good or service 2115 Associate first ownership information with the CDPR unique ID 2120 - - - - Receive Validate ownership of request to redeem CDPR unique IDfor medical good CDPR unique ID 2130 . . or service No 2125 Is Receive CDPR unique ID No request to transfer associated with a ownership of CDPR restriction unique ID ' 2135 - 2150 -- Yes - - - Yes - - Validate proof of Receive second ownership | satisfaction of restriction ! information 2155 | L 2140 - - - Authorize redemption of Associate second CDPR for /delivery of ownership information | medical good or service with CDPR unique ID 2145 2160 21432 _ _k _ _ Maintain ownership record of CDPR unique Fig . 21 L D 2165 _ _ D 2165 US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE [0007 ] FIG . 1 is a computer network or similar digital GENERATION AND TRANSFER OF A processing environment in which a contingently deliverable CONTINGENTLY DELIVERABLE property right may be created and transferred according to PROPERTY RIGHT an exemplary embodiment; [0008] FIG . 2 is a block diagram of the internal structure PRIORITY CLAIM of a computer or device operable in the computer network of FIG . 1 ; [0001 ] This application claims the benefit of U .S . Provi [0009 ] FIG . 3 is an application layer diagram of a contin sional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/325 ,420 filed Apr. 20 , gently deliverable property right platform operable in the 2016 , the contents ofwhich are incorporated by reference in computer network of FIG . 1 ; their entirety as if fully set forth herein . [0010 ] FIG . 4 is a block diagram of a contingently deliv erable property right utilized by the application layer dia FIELD OF THE INVENTION gram of FIG . 3 ; [ 0002 ] The present disclosure is directed to associating a [0011 ] FIGS. 5 - 12 illustrate flow charts of an example contingently deliverable property right to a medical good or process for transferring a contingently deliverable property, service with ownership that is decoupled from delivery , thus which may be implemented by the contingently deliverable enabling transfers of the property right unrestricted by property right platform of FIG . 3 ; delivery constraints . [0012 ] FIGS . 13 - 20 illustrate example user interfaces that may be provided by the platform of FIG . 3 ; BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0013] FIG . 21 illustrates a flow diagram of an example processes that may be performed by the platform of FIG . 3 . [0003] Currently , a patient or consumermay obtain certain medical goods or services, such as prescription drugs, an DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE X -ray or CAT scan , medical examination , and so on , only PREFERRED EMBODIMENT after obtaining a prescription from a qualified medical provider. In some cases , for insurance coverage to apply, the [0014] Systems and methods are described for creating a good or service must be pre -approved by an insurance contingently deliverable property right (CDPR ) to a medical company or utilization reviewing entity associated with an good and/ or service where no such property right currently insurance company. Once the prescription is issued , the exists. A CDPR , which will be described in more detail patient may then obtain the good or service , sometimes below , is associated the right to freely transfer the medical restricted by which provider to choose from by the insurance good or service and enables the creation of an exchange company or utilization reviewing entity . Once the good or system or platform where qualified providers can transfer service has been contracted for, the patient is locked into medial goods and services to a consumer or buyer without paying a certain amount and receiving the good or service the requirement that ownership necessitate delivery of the according to the prescription . In other cases, where a pre good or service . The described systems and methods may scription is not needed , the insurance company or utilization address one or more of current supply and demand prob reviewing entity may nonetheless place certain restrictions lems, liquidity problems, and other problems identified on obtaining medical goods or services that qualify for above . beneficial insurance treatment. [0015] In one aspect, a CDPR may be associated with a [0004 ] In both of these cases above , the transferability of right to get a specific good and /or service at a specific price , the right to the good or service is restricted . In some cases, with other optional restrictions specified by the provider, due to these and other restrictions on contracting for medical such as ( but not limited to ) a specific time( s ) and /or place ( s ) goods and services, resources may go underutilized . This at which a service is to be used . Each CDPR is fungible and may include X -ray or MRI machines going unused for can be transferred ( e. g., bought and/or sold ). In one aspect, periods of time that may set the medical provider back a CDPR would be created at the moment that a provider significantly, for example , due to the high initial cost of such offered a good and /or service at a certain price (with or machines . without other restrictions ) and that particular offer was 0005 ] Some utilization review companies are attempting bought or otherwise agreed upon by another party , whether to redirect the purchase of goods and /or services to lower or not that other party was the final user. The CDPR , which cost providers . Bulk purchasers, such as insurance compa is exemplified by a data structure , array , or object, contains nies, hospitals, pharmacy benefit managers , and the like, use goods/ services information , ownership information , and any their market clout to get better prices. Each current approach restrictions on the delivery of the good or service . A CDPR requires individual contracts and negotiations between the platform , to be described in more detail below , is provided various entities . However, these deals do not effectively to interface with existing medical systems, to enable the manage the supply and demand for medical goods and creation and storage of CDPR objects, and the transfer of services. There is no central interface for buyers and sellers such rights through various user interfaces. of medical services to get together (along with potential [0016 ] In one aspect , the utilization of CDPRs enables a liquidity providers ) to allow the market to clear. new way to exchange and transfer medical goods and services , for example , via a platform or system described in BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS more detail below . The platform or system may provide or create a new marketplace that does not currently exist. This [0006 ] Preferred and alternative examples of the present marketplace enables patients , insurance companies , medical invention are described in detail below with reference to the goods and/ or services providers , and potentially other par following drawings: ties to all mutually benefit, by further enabling currently US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 unused and / or underused medical goods and/ or services to adopted , regardless of its potential benefits. Other potential be monetized , which further optimizes the market. sellers, for example , a manufacturer of pharmaceuticals, [ 00171. The good and /or service could be bought before it may temporarily find itself with excess production capacity was used , in which case the rightwould be transferable from but has no mechanism to signal themarket of its willingness the buyer to anyone else and would not be refundable : the to lower prices to utilize this capacity . provider would be paid regardless of whether it was used or [0024 ] In one example of current systems, a patient goes not. Alternatively , the good and/ or service right may simply to see a doctor who orders a setof tests , prescribes drugs and be contracted for ( for example , via a utilization review orders a piece ofmedical equipment (perhaps a wheelchair process) in which case it would be similar to a non - recourse or a CPAP machine). The doctor decides the patient needs an booking, where the price is guaranteed under the conditions MRI (this example illustrates procurement of an MRI, setby the provider, but if the good and /or service is unused , although parallel examples could be constructed for any no payment is made. The provider could also set other other diagnostic tests , drugs , or types of medical equip conditions if it so desired , including ( but not limited to ): ment). The doctor or his staff then call the patient' s insur prepayment discounts, non - transferability of appointment, ance company and speak with its utilization reviewers , who no -show charges, and the like. In yet another aspect, the determine the medicalnecessity of the MRI. The utilization provider could offer different prices for fully and/ or partially review team issues an authorization code . The doctor 's staff refundable goods and /or services versus non -refundable then typically calls a radiology provider that offers the MM , goods and /or services . gives them the authorization code, while simultaneously [ 0018 ] In one aspect, liquidity allows non users to transfer directing the patient to the facility . The radiology provider (e .g.,buy and sell) ownership ofmedical goods and services, then performs the MM and reads the scan , and submits the with the right to delivery of the medical good or service claim to the insurance company along with the authorization contingent upon verification of need or prescription of the code. The insurance company processes the claim and pays medical good or service . the radiology provider according to its contract with the [ 00191 In another aspect, the described systems and meth radiology provider, if in the patient' s health insurance net ods may enable the monetization of previously unused work , or “ reasonable and customary charges ” (which can and/ or underused medical goods and/ or services . lead to balance billing of the patient ) if out of the patient' s [ 0020] In one aspect, the described systems and methods health insurance network . may be inserted into and interface with the utilization review 10025 ]. To make the above - described process more effi process, for example , to provide for better pricing , more cient, CDPRs can be created , transferred , and tracked , so as supply, and/ or incentives to the buyer or end consumer. to enable more liquidity in the providing of medical goods [ 0021] In another aspect, key point (s ) of economic lever and services. The CPDR platform enables dynamic pricing age are identified which allow for insertion of and integra of medical services with a minimum of disruption to the tion of the described systems and methods at the proper workflow of the doctors, insurance companies, regulators, point in the medical review system to add efficiency to service or product suppliers and/or utilization reviewers , existing processes. while simultaneously providing benefits to the patient, doc [0022] The currentmarket for medical purchases (services tor, insurance company, utilization reviewer and the service and/ or goods ) does not work well, particularly for routine provider, as will be described in more detail below . medical goods and services . One of the major reasons for [0026 ] One aspect of the described systems and methods this is that transactions are not priced dynamically : that is, identifies the point or points at which dynamic pricing can they are not priced according to supply and demand . There be inserted into the workflows of the doctor, utilization are numerous reasons for this. Among these are history , reviewer, insurance company and product/ service provider, complexity, difficulty of changing workflows, regulations , such that the benefits are maximized with the minimum of lack of clarity about processes , the difficulty with burdening disruption . One such maximal leverage point with minimal busy medical professionals with still more mandates, and so disruption is at the point of utilization review (typically a on . The various players have radically different interests, phone call or on -line process ) initiated by the doctor' s office have great difficulty cooperating for the common good , and to the utilization review company , when the doctor first have no sensible way in which to share economic gains that orders a specific service as described above . would accrue from more rational business practices. [0027 ] Another aspect provides a new marketplace where [ 0023] Many medical service providers, such as, for providers can offer their drugs , supplies , and professional example , radiology practices, have significant times of the services, including and particularly excess capacity, at a day or week in which they are not busy. It would be to their price and with conditions of their choosing. The CDPR benefit , and to the benefit of all the other stakeholders , if platform enables patients to provide their own bids for goods there was some way in which those service providers were and /or services , given relevant restrictions, such as , for able to dynamically price their services so they were able to example , but not limited to , the time of day the patient wants “ fill up ” their less busy times . For example , in one aspect of a service , with the providers matching and/ or beating the the present disclosure , an MRImachine costs approximately bids. By allowing providers to place their asks , and patients $ 1 , 500 , 000 . Every minute the machine sits unused is a to place bids, the marketplace facilitates commerce that significant loss to the owner and /or operator. In one would otherwise not occur and provides benefits to multiple example , the times when the machine sits unused can be parties. discounted , creating a huge benefit to the owner of the [0028 ] In yet another aspect, for an insured patient, the machine , as well to the insurance company and/ or patient maximal point of economic leverage is to insert the inven paying the bill . However, any innovation that significantly tion into the workflow at the point of utilization review . A changes the workflows of the doctor, radiologist, insurance market is set up where multiple good and / or service pro company or utilization reviewer is highly unlikely to ever be viders, such as, for example , radiologists , post their prices US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 for various goods and /or services at various times. This biggest banes of medicine : the cost and distraction of feature of the CDPR platform is not necessarily open to the chasing down individual payers for their medical payments . public or to patients , but optionally can be . When the doctor Pre-payment could optionally bring an additional discount. calls the utilization review company , the utilization reviewer 0033 ] In another aspect typically (but not necessarily ) for would get, for example, a pop -up screen , either integrated uninsured /underinsured patients (where there is no utiliza into their own software , or via an external application or tion review ), the patient may specify a price that they are website , which would show , for example , a set of param willing to pay with flexibility on times , and put in their bid eters , including , but not limited to : a range of providers with price for providers to match and / or beat. In another aspect , the lowest price for the service , within some defined area typically (but not necessarily ) for uninsured/underinsured ( for example , by zip code ) and by availability. The utiliza patients (where there is no utilization review ) , the patient tion review company would communicate the possibility of may specify specific time(s ) that they were available for a a lower price to the doctor' s office , who would let the patient service or time by which they want a good delivered and ask know they had a choice: pay the standard fees which could for the best price based on those times . In another example , include a co -pay , deductible and co -insurance , or, if they typically ( but not necessarily ) for uninsured / underinsured were willing to go to a particular facility at a particular time, patients (where there is no utilization review ) , the patient they would get an incentive, such as reduced rates . This may indicate various combinations of prices and times that communication could also be handled by other means, such they would find acceptable and submit the information as to a mobile device , via text message , email, website , through the CDPR platform . Providers in the platform may phone call , and the like , as will be described in more detail receive the request for services , and provide bids for pro below . The incentive to the patient to accept the lower price viding the requested goods or services at or below the could be one or more of a multitude of options: the patient's specified price and at the indicated times. copay could be waived or reduced and/ or a direct payment [0034 ] In another aspect of the CDPR platform , the pro of some of the savings could be made to the patient whether vider of the service , may charge for its services on a per in cash , a credit to a healthcare savings account, gift card , transaction basis , charge for its services in termsof a flat fee credit on an existing bill , or the like. The patient could also to the insurance company per user per month , charge fees as be given a range of choices , including , butnot limited to , for a percentage of the savings realized by the insurance com example : go to this provider at price X , or that provider at pany by using this service, or via a hybrid model containing price Y , or that one at price Z . these and other payment schemes. [0029] As an incentive to the doctor/medical provider to [0035 ] In still another aspect of the CDPR platform , the communicate the savings offer to the patient, the doctor insurance company may share its confidential pricing data could be given a cash payment, or extra points on their with the marketplace service provider. The marketplace quality of service score as part of a pay- for-performance service provider can then use that data to calculate the program or shared savings program or pay - for -quality pro savings that the insurance company was realizing and could gram , a higher reimbursement rate on their billing code , thereby charge a fee based on those savings. preferential listing in a provider network , extra dollars per member per month , or any other incentive deemed worth [0036 ] In another aspect of the CDPR platform , the mar while to the doctor. The insurance company 's incentive ketplace service provider may provide its technology exclu would be to provide the same good or service at a lower sively to one utilization review company, which would then price to its insured , and the incentive to the utilization be able to offer an exclusive value added service as com reviewer would be either a portion of the savings, a direct pared to its competitors. payment from the user of this patent, and/or simply better [0037] In one aspect, the marketplace service provider service to its true customer the insurance company, or may contract with multiple utilization review companies to another form of mutually -agreeable incentive. offer this service . In some cases , the marketplace service ( 0030 ) In yet another aspect, carve -outs for specific types provider may broker the purchase of CDPRs for services , of goods and /or services are provided that are not amenable and / or an option to purchase CDPRs for services, in advance to a market based purchase . These could include , but are not of when they are needed . In another aspect, the marketplace limited to : in -patient services such as in -patient radiology , service provider may itself purchase or sell CDPRs for and in - house services such as in - house radiology or goods services, and /or the option to purchase or sell CDPRs for such as drugs administered while at a facility . services, on its own account. 10031] In another aspect, typically (but not necessarily ) for [0038 ] In another example, the marketplace service pro uninsured / underinsured patients (where there is no utiliza vider may act as a counterparty for others who desire to tion review ), the patient may access a website , a kiosk , or purchase or sell CDPRs for services in advance , or who various types of mobile applications, search for the good desire to purchase the option to purchase or sell CDPRs for and / or procedure they need (via a procedure code and /or services. plain text, and /or any other indication of the good or [0039] In another aspect, the CDPR platform may keep procedure needed ) and be given a list of choices from which track of and compile information relating to goods and to pick the lowest cost. The website /mobile application may services, and the transfer thereof. The marketplace service receive a list of prices and times from the providers, and provider may sell data including, but not limited to , data on provide a list ranked by whatever attributes the user wanted : pricing, utilization , seasonality , and geographic distribution distance , price , time of day, time to delivery etc . of goods and/ or services used and/or options bought and [0032 ] In another aspect, the patientmay pre -pay via any sold ; either as raw data or aggregated data and/ or an analysis means such as a credit card , payment service , wire transfer , of this data . and the like , for CDPRs for the goods or services purchased [0040 ] In another example , the marketplace service pro through the CDPR platform . This would obviate one of the vider may allow market makers to buy and sell services on US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 the market. This would facilitate liquidity in the market, as that the instructions which execute on the computer or other well as provide guaranteed funding to the service provider. programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the [0041] In another example , the marketplace service pro acts specified herein . vider could allow third parties to buy and sell services on the [0046 ] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules , market. This would facilitate liquidity in the market, as well and algorithm steps described in connection with the as provide guaranteed funding to the service provider. embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as elec [0042] In some aspects , the described techniques and tronic hardware, computer software , or combinations of systemsmay be applied to associate a contingently deliver both . To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware able property right with other types of goods or services, for and software, various illustrative components, blocks,mod example , where the separation of ownership and a contin ules, and steps have been described generally in terms of gent right to delivery may provide benefits . For example , the their functionality . Whether such functionality is imple described techniques and systems may be tailored for chemi mented as hardware or software depends upon the particular cal compounds, such as uranium or other potentially dan application and design constraints imposed on the overall gerous materials. In this example, the right to ownership , system . The described functionality can be implemented in which includes contingent rights of delivery, of the material varying ways for each particular application , but such imple may enable the creation of a more fluid market and platform mentation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a to transfer the materials, without limiting the parties to the departure from the scope of the disclosure . transaction to those who have proper facilities and rights to [0047 ] The various illustrative logicalblocks and modules physical possess such materials . In another example , the described in connection with the embodiments disclosed described systems and techniques may be applied to weap herein can be implemented or performed with a general ons. In yet another example , the described techniques and purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP ) , an systemsmay bemodified to accommodate the transaction of application specific integrated circuit (ASIC ), a field pro restricted technology , for example , that is associated with grammable gate array (FPGA ) or other programmable logic complicated import and export licenses or controls. device , discrete gate or transistor logic , discrete hardware 10043] Broadly , this disclosure is directed towards components, or any combination thereof designed to per improved systems, methods, and /or apparatuses for provid form the functions described herein . A general-purpose ing a CDPR platform that generates rights to medical goods processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative , the and services captured by a data structure , and enables the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, transfer of the rights in a way that separates ownership from microcontroller, or state machine . A processor can also be delivery of the good or service . The following description implemented as a combination of computing devices such provides examples , and is not limiting of the scope , appli as , for example , a combination of a DSP and a micropro cability , or configuration set forth in the claims. Changes cessor, a plurality of microprocessors , one or more micro may be made in the function and arrangement of elements processors in conjunction with a DSP core , or any other such discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of the configuration . disclosure . Various embodiments may omit, substitute , or [0048 ] The blocks of the methods and algorithms add various procedures or components as appropriate . For described in connection with the embodiments disclosed instance , the methods described may be performed in an herein can be embodied directly in hardware , in a software order different from that described , and various steps may be module executed by a processor , or in a combination of the added , omitted , or combined . Also , features described with two . A software module can reside in RAM memory, flash respect to certain embodiments or aspects may be combined memory, ROM memory , EPROM memory , EEPROM in other embodiments . memory , registers, a hard disk , a removable disk , a CD 0044 ] Certain aspects of the CDPR system or platform ROM , or any other form of computer -readable storage and methods are described with reference to methods, appa medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is ratus (systems), and computer program products that can be coupled to a processor such that the processor can read implemented by computer program instructions. These com information from , and write information to , the storage puter program instructions can be provided to a processor of medium . In the alternative, the storage medium can be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, integral to the processor. The processor and the storage mobile computing device , or other programmable data pro medium can reside in an ASIC . The ASIC can reside in a cessing apparatus to produce a machine , such that the computer terminal. In the alternative , the processor and the instructions, which execute via the processor of the com storage medium can reside as discrete components in a puter or other programmable data processing apparatus , computer terminal. create means for implementing the acts specified herein to (0049 ] Certain acts , events, or functions of any of the transform data from a first state to a second state . methods described herein can be performed in a different [0045 ] These computer program instructions can be stored sequence , can be added , merged , or left out altogether ( e . g ., in a computer- readable memory that can direct a computer not all described acts or events are necessary for the practice or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate of the method ). Moreover, in certain aspects, acts or events in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the can be performed concurrently such as, for example , through computer -readable memory produce an article ofmanufac multi- threaded processing , interrupt processing , ormultiple ture including instruction means which implement the acts processors or processor cores, rather than sequentially . specified herein . The computer program instructions may Moreover, in certain embodiments , acts or events can be also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data performed on alternate tiers within the architecture . processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to [0050 ] With reference now to FIG . 1 , a computer network be performed on the computer or other programmable or similar digital processing environment 100 in which the apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such system and method disclosed can be implemented . The US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 present systems and methods can also run on different ogy such as Global System for Mobile Communications architectures that include a LAN , WAN , stand -alone PC , (GSM ). An OFDMA system may implement a radio tech stand - alone mobile device , a stand - alone, clustered , or net nology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB ), Evolved worked mini or mainframe computers, etc . The CDPR UTRA ( E -UTRA ), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802 . 16 (Wi system and method of use can be distributed on multiple MAX ) , IEEE 802 . 20 , Flash -OFDMO , etc . UTRA and computers and devices 102 , 104 . E -UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication [0051] FIG . 1 is representative of many specific comput System (UMTS) . 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE ) and ing arrangements that can support the system and method LTE - Advanced (LTE - A ) are new releases of UMTS that use disclosed . In one embodiment , the software implementing E -UTRA . UTRA , E -UTRA , UMTS , LTE , LTE - A , and GSM the promotion system runs in the Linux® environment. In are described in documents from an organization named another embodiment, the software is implemented to run in “ 3rd Generation Partnership Project" ( 3GPP ). CDMA2000 other environments, such as Windows® , UNIX® , and to run and UMB are described in documents from an organization on any hardware having enough power to support timely named “ 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 " (3GPP2). operation of software such as that identified in FIG . 1. In [0055 ] Client computers and devices 122 , 124 , 126 , 128 some aspects , computers are deployed as virtual instances and server computers 104 provide processing, storage , and rather than physical computers . input/output devices executing application programs. Client 10052] A load balancing router 106 , such as for example a computers 102 can also be linked through communications Multi Wan Router, can distribute traffic inside a firewall 108 network 120 to other computing devices , including other to and from distributed web servers 110 -a , 110 - b . In some client devices /processes 102 and server computers 104 . In deployments, these webservers 110 - a , 110 -b are distributed some embodiments, server computers 115 -a , 115 - b host and instances of an Apache web server with a distribution of execute software implementing centralized persistent data PHP installed , an instance of Node .js installed , or both , storage and retrieval. The network 120 can be a local area along with supporting libraries such as those configured for network and/ or a wide area network that is part of a remote communicating with persistent data stores. The distributed access network , a global network (e .g ., the Internet), a web servers 110 - a , 110-b are communicatively coupled to worldwide collection of computers , and /or gateways that computers 115 - a , 115 - b hosting one or more persistent data currently use respective protocols ( TCP / IP , UDP, etc .) to stores. The data stores 115 - a , 115 - b can be distributed communicate with one another . Multiple client computer relational databases such as, for example, MySQL® or SQL devices 102 may each execute and operate instances of the Server® storing primary and derivative data generated by applications accessing the CDPR platform or system . various services described in reference to FIG . 3 . In an [0056 ] On reading this disclosure, those of skill in the art example , a distributed web server 110 may communicate will recognize that many of the components discussed as with a distributed database server 115 via Java Database separate units may be combined into one unit and an Connectivity ( JDBC ) , Open Database Connectivity individual unit may be split into several different units . (ODBC ), or other database communication protocol sup Further, the various functions could be contained in one ported by the data store . The distributed database servers computer or distributed over several networked computers 115 - a and 115 - b may also communicate with each other via and /or devices, or instantiations of virtualized machines . ODBC or other database communication protocol. In addi The identified componentsmay be upgraded and replaced as tion, or alternatively , the distributed database servers 115 associated technology improves and advances are made in may host XML databases, object oriented databases, NoSQL computing technology . database , and the like . [0057 ] With reference to FIG . 2 , each component of the [0053] Client computers of various types 102 can connect system 200 is connected to a system bus 205 , providing a set to a remote server infrastructure 104 via a network 120 over of hardware lines used for data transfer among the compo one or more communication protocols . All computers can nents of a computer or processing system . Also connected to pass information as unstructured data , structured files, struc the bus 205 are additional components 210 of the promotion tured data streams such as , for example , XML, structured platform system , such as additionalmemory storage, digital data objects such as , for example , JSON objects , and/ or processors , network adapters, and I/ O devices. The bus 205 structured messages. Client computers 122 , 124 , 126 , 128 is essentially a shared conduit connecting different elements may communicate over various protocols such as , for of a computer system ( e . g ., processor, disk storage ,memory , example , UDP, TCP /IP and /or HTTP . In some cases , one or input/output ports , network ports, etc .) and enabling transfer more client computers 122 , 124 , 126 , 128 may communicate of information between the elements. An I/ O device inter via a wireless connection with the network 120 . face 215 is attached to system bus 205 in order to connect [0054 ] In some aspects , the wireless connection between various input and output devices ( e .g ., keyboard , mouse , one or more client computers 102 and the network 120 may touch - screens , displays , printers , speakers , etc .) to the implement or be part of a system that implements CDMA , CDPR system . A network interface 225 allows the computer TDMA , FDMA, OFDMA, SC - FDMA, and /or other wireless to connect to various other devices attached to a network communication technologies . A CDMA system may imple ( e. g ., network 120 of FIG . 1) . A memory 230 provides ment a radio technology such as CDMA2000 , Universal volatile storage for computer software instructions 235 and Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA ), etc . CDMA2000 covers data 240 used to implement methods employed by the IS -2000 , IS - 95 , and IS - 856 standards. IS - 2000 Releases 0 system disclosed herein . Disk or persistent storage 245 and A are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1x , 1x , etc . provides non - volatile storage for computer software instruc IS - 856 (TIA - 856 ) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 tions 250 and data 255 used to implement an embodiment of 1xEV -DO , High Rate Packet Data (HRPD ), etc . UTRA the present disclosure . A central processor unit 220 is also includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of attached to system bus 205 and provides for the execution of CDMA. A TDMA system may implement a radio technol computer instructions . US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 [0058 ] In one embodiment, the processor routines 235 and CDPR with the CDPR unique ID and customer information , 250 are a computer program product, including a computer for example in the customer database 364 . The CDPR readable medium ( e . g ., a removable storage medium such as service 352 may also provide user account management one or more flash drives, DVDROM 's, CD -ROM 's , dis functions, such as establishing and maintaining passwords, kettes , tapes, etc .) that provides at least a portion of the payment , balances , addresses, credit cards , etc . In some software instructions for the system . A computer program cases , user account management functions may be provided product that combines routines 235 and data 240 may be by marketplace service 342 . installed by any suitable software installation procedure , as [0065 ] In some cases the CDPR service 352may provide is well known in the art. In another embodiment, at least a functions to print appointment confirmations optionally with portion of the software instructions may also be downloaded a unique authentication code , time of appointment, date of over a cable , communication, and/ or wireless connection. appointment, address , terms, provider, warning that the [0059 ] With reference now to FIG . 3 , client devices , such appointment has been bought and is nonrefundable , and so as client devices 122 , 124 , 126 , 128 of FIG . 1 , can provide on . user interfaces via a presentation layer 305 to the functions [0066 ] The CDPR service 352 may interact with the of the CDPR system services layer 310 . Such interfaces can marketplace service 342 and other services to provide the be browser-based , application -based , or both . In some various features of system 300, described throughout this embodiments , these applications can include application disclosure . containers such as html clients 320 , native PC applications 325 , and / or native mobile apps 330 . Application containers [0067 ] In some embodiments , a marketplace service 342 320 , 325 , 330 can interface with the CDPR services layer provides associated methods and data structures for user 310 via the internet 335 , for example , through a web server access and management functionality , listing of CDPRs, and 340. In some embodiments , client devices 122 , 124 , 126 , transactions and transfers of CDPRs, including providing 128 execute one or more applications that receive html one or more user interfaces (UIs ) for buying and selling pages generated by a web server 340 . In some implemen CDPRs. Example screens of a transactionalUI are illustrated tations, the web server 340 page generation and transmission in FIGS . 13 - 20 , which will be described in greater detail is supported , at least in part, by a content management below . These UI displays provide example selections for system . buying and selling medical goods and services tracked or 10060 ] The CDPR system architecture 300 can include a accounted for via CDPR unique IDs. The functionalities services layer 310 that exposes a variety of discreet services provided by the marketplace service 342 may be supported accessible to authorized clients or users 320 , 325 , 330 . It is by data and data relations stored in the customer database through these services that information can be added to , and 364 , goods and services database 366 , prescription database retrieved from , the databases found in the persistence layer 368, provider /supplier database 370 , referral rules and com 315 . The services layer 310 , together with the persistence missions database 372 , insurance company rules database layer 315 , can , in part , consist of a collection of tables and 374 , and product listing database 378 . data stores supporting the CDPR system services . In some [0068 ] In some instances, the marketplace service 342 instances, services are implemented using server - side PHP implements an authentication -based roles and privileges code , and JavaScript code, implemented in conjunction with model limiting access to the CDPR system , limiting system a content management system . functionality based , at least in part, on assigned roles , [0061] It should be appreciated that each service of ser assigned privileges, or both . These assigned roles may vices layer 310 , and each database in persistence layer 315 include a medical services provider, a utilization reviewer, may be configured to be compliant with current and new and end consumer, a third party, etc . developments in HIPAA regulations. [0069 ] In some aspects , the marketplace service 342 may [ 0062] In some embodiments, a CDPR service 352 pro provide a UI or specific selection items in a UI/API, for bulk vides associated methods and data structures for creating , purchasers, to show current holdings & functions to allow maintaining, and updating CDPRs, including maintaining bulk changes , such as sales, purchases, etc . This interface records of ownership of CDPRs. These functionalities are may provide selections and options for bundling and unbun supported by data and data relations stored in the customer dling of medical goods and services. In some aspects , database 364 and the goods and services database 366 , marketplace service 342 may provide a set of functions/ APIs and /or the product listings database 378 . to enable buyers to bundle and unbundle groups ofmedical 10063] In some aspects, the CDPR service 352 may pro goods and services . vide functions to create/ update /track Unique IDs, which are [0070 ] In somecases,marketplace service 342 may enable herein referred to as CDPR unique IDs. Each good and the bundling of different but similar drugs/ devices (e . g . service made available by a medical service provider, which Nasonex® and Flonase® ) , so that a user can bid for either may be stored in the goods and services database 366 may so that they trade as a single commodity and compete with be associated with a CDPR unique ID . Upon transfer of each other. Marketplace service 342 may provide functions ownership of a CDPR , the CDPR may then be associated to create alternative bundles where the content of the bundle with or linked to a customer via customer information ( e . g ., is specified functionally . For example , if the bundle is of identified by a customer ID ) stored in the customer database NSAIDs, the bundle could contain any combination of 364 . In some cases, a history of the full ownership record / Advil® , Aleve® , Motrin® and aspirin , but the exact mix past transactions of a given CDPR may be stored or linked would be unknown to the buyer. Bundle could be standard to the particular good or service , for example, in the goods ized via it being an N -day supply at the standard dosing and services database 366 . level. In some aspects, the marketplace service 342 may 10064 ] In some aspects , CDPR service 352 may also include functions to create standardized bundles based on associate billing and collections information for a given certain criteria . US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 [0071] In some aspects identification information (e .g ., a vendors it contracts with , for example, using algorithmsthat bar code) may be applied to or associated with a CDPRs for select vendors/providers that offer the lowest price, and /or a bundle of goods or services . For example , an entity meet other criteria . purchases a CDPR for 100 boxes of pills . The CDPR for 100 [0076 ] The marketplace service 342 may also provide, for boxes would be associated with a first bar code. The CDPR example via one or more Uls, search functionality to enable for the group of 100 boxes may be split into groups of 75 searching for CDPRs to purchase or sell ( e .g ., functions to boxes and 25 boxes, for example , to resell to two different find the lowest cost provider, or functions based on other parties . The original bar code would be invalidated , and two constraints ) . The marketplace service 342 may provide new ones are issued : one or a CDPR for the 75 and one for algorithmsthat allow customers to indicate preferences such a CDPR for the 25 . as closest distance, lowest price , closest available provider, [0072] The marketplace service 342 may provide listing soonest possible date , etc . Customers may indicate prefer functions to allow bulk listing & delisting for providers and ences via a UI, and those preferences can be stored ( e . g . this investors, including mechanisms to delist goods or services. customers always wants the closest not the cheapest ). One or The listing functions may also include dynamic listing more search indices may be provided to support search functions, such that prices of a listing may be automatically functionality. adjusted in relation to the time the listing is active ( e.g., list [0077 ] The marketplace service 342 may provide regis this service at $ 110 , but adjust price to keep me lowest cost, tration functionality to enable users to register with the but don 't go lower than $ 90 ). Dynamic listing functionsmay service . This may include storing personal information and/ also include listing with a reserve price, such that a listing or account information of the customer in the customer is always the lowest cost amongst these competitors, but no database 364 . lower than a set limit . The listing functions may also include reverse auction functions, such that a patient or bulk pur [0078 ] In some aspects , the marketplace service 342 may chaser may provide their criteria and providers can bid to provide reporting functionality that tracks and provides, via supply that demand . For example , a user may indicate that one or more Uls, gains/ savings from using the system , they desire to contract to buy CDPRs for 200, 000 CAT scans including reports that show the geographical distribution of in 2018 . This information may be made available to enable customers and savings. In some cases , transaction /sales data providers to bid on providing the requested number of may be aggregated , analyzed ( e. g ., consumption , demand , CDPRs for CAT scans . seasonality, etc .), and, for example, sold to investors and /or [0073] In some cases, each listing may be stored in the insurance companies . Aggregated data may be useful for listings database 378 when made available for transfer . In aiding investors to invest more profitably or insurance some aspects , each good or service has the option to list companies to buy more cheaply, and / or to track preferences specific time slots for sale . Other listing options may include of patients . a specific facility , different pricing for the same service at [0079 ] In some cases, marketplace service 342 may pro different times or locations or discounts for purchases made vide provider rating functionality, for example that may be far in advance . Other listing options may be available to useful to other consumers or to the medical providers . providers and vendors , such as always listing the good or [0080 ] In some embodiments, a utilization review service service at the lowest price in a given category, but no lower 346 provides associated methods and data structures for than a given ( set) amount. interfacing with utilization review organizations and sys 10074 ] In some examples , the marketplace service may tems functionality . These functionalities are supported by provide functions to enable a third party to trade on its own data and data relations stored in the goods and services account, for example , to act as a counterparty , etc . The third database 366 , the provider /supplier database 370 , and /or the party ( e . g ., provider of system 300 ) may buy and sell on its insurance company rules database 374 /remote insurance own marketplace. This may both facilitate liquidity and be company rules database 374 -a . a potential profit source . In one example , a third party may [0081] In some cases, utilization review service 346 may guarantee transactions of CDPRs, similar in kind to the way provide one or more Uls to enable the utilization reviewer a futures exchange works. For example , if a seller goes organization or system to realize benefits in selecting more bankrupt or is unable to provide the good or service , the third available medical goods and services for insurance approval, party may guarantee the delivery, for example in return for for example, by interfacing with the marketplace service compensation . The marketplace service 342 , in some 342 . examples , may provide two types of trades , where either parties contract directly with each other , or for an extra fee , [0082 ] In some aspects, the utilization review service 346 a third party can guarantee the transaction by serving as the may include functions that prompt the utilization reviewer or counter party to both sides. system / interface with the utilization reviewer organization [0075 ] In some cases, insurance companies may provide or system to approve or deny coverage for a specific medical the third party confidential list of credentialed vendors and good or service . This may include prompting a dialogue or providers and the contracted fee schedule for each good or specific workflow , etc . with the reviewing system or orga service . The third party may contract with those providers nization . and vendors offering them the option to list with the third [0083 ] In some aspects , the utilization review service 346 party a price for each good or service. In some cases the may provide functions needed to integrate with each medical insurance company may change the goods and services review organization plus additional functions to integrate listed through the marketplace service 342 , but are contrac with their customers and suppliers . This may include : func tually obligated to provide the goods and services at the tions for comparing the best available price to the best price they listed at the time of sale. In some cases , func contracted price available through the insurers contracts tionality may be provided for the third party to select which with providers and to then incentivize the selection of the US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 lower price of the two. This may be absolute (offer only the privacy and HIPAA compliance . In one aspect, the identi lower priced provider ) or relative (if this provider is chosen , fication information may effectively be similar to a “ bearer then a reward is issued ). bond ,” and for example , may be printed on paper. 0084 ] In some embodiments , a medical service provider [0090 ] In some cases, medical service provider service service 348 provides associated methods and data structures 342 may provide new provider registration functions , to for redeeming CDPRs for medical goods and services, enable registered providers to interface with the marketplace registering medical service provides with system 300, and service 342 and other aspects of system 300. The medical other functionality . In some aspects, the medical service service provider service 342 may also perform functions to provider service 348 may interface with the prescription credential providers , such as validating a certain level of verification service 354 to validate prescriptions for redemp insurance of the provider, validating which medical plans/ tion of medical goods or services. These functionalities are insurance the provider accepts provider participates in a supported by data and data relations stored in the provider / plan , etc . For standalone providers , more , and sometimes , supplier database 370, prescription database 368, goods and custom measures may be taken to ensure a certain level of services database 366 , and one or more of the other data medical goods or services is provided by the provider. bases in persistent layer 315 . [0091] Medical service provider service 342 may also [ 0085 ] In some cases , medical service provider service provide functions to perform verification ( e .g ., periodic ) of 348 may provide one or more Uls to enable the medical providers to ensure equality of service , licensing of the service provider to list medical goods or services in the medical service provider, etc. system 300/ via marketplace service 342 , for example, at 10092 ] In some embodiments , a scheduling service 350 lower costs based on down time, lower demand at certain provides associated methods and data structures for sched times of the day, etc . This feature of system 300 may provide uling functionality . These functionalities are supported by additional benefits and increases in market fluidity . data and data relations stored in goods and services database [0086 ] In one aspect, medical service provider service 342 366 , the provider /supplier database 370 , and/ or the product may provide interfaces ( e.g ., including a UI), and functions listings database 378 . to enable redemption , consumption and /or delivery ofmedi [0093] The scheduling service may provide functions to cal goods and services. This may include functions to interface with provider/manufacturer reservation , manage authenticate that the patient who shows up at appointment ment, scheduling and/ or inventory systems of the medical actually owns the rights to the medical good or service . In provider , for example , to block off times or time slots that some cases, the medical service provider service 342 may correspond to CDPRs for medical goods or services that generate a code or other unique identification information , have been purchased . For example , when a time slot corre such as a bar code, that is associated with the CDPR for the sponding to a CDPR for a medical service gets purchased , medical good or service ( e . g ., associated with the CDPR the time slot will be updated in the provider' s scheduling unique ID ). This identification information may be provided software to indicate that a service is to be performed at that to the owner/purchaser of the CDPR for themedical good or time. In some cases, when a CDPR for a listed slot is service upon purchase of the CDPR for medical good or purchased other than through the third party operating the service , for example through a mobile application . Each system , the CDPR /time slotmay be delisted in the product time a CDPR for a good or service is resold , the original bar listings database 378 . code /identification information is canceled and a new one [0094 ] In some embodiments , a prescription verification issued so that only the final issued bar code is valid . In one service 354 provides associated methods and data structures example, a unique code may be generated for each CDPR for verifying prescription functionality . These functionalities for a good /service, and changed each time the good /service are supported by data and data relations stored in a prescrip gets sold . In another example , a field within the CDPR for tion database 368 and a customer database 364. the good or service (e . g ., associated with the data structure [0095 ] The prescription service 354 may provide func defining the specific instance of the medical good or service ) tions to capture/validate prescriptions optically, electroni may simply be updated after every sale . cally, photo , scan , etc . The prescription verification service [0087 ] In some cases, the unique identification informa 354 may interface with the medical services provider service tion may include or be derived from one or more pieces of 348 and/ or the marketplace service 342 to provide a UI to information of a CDPR , such as the CDPR unique ID . In provide a request for prescription information , and selec some cases , the CDPR service 352 and /or the marketplace tions to input prescription information to enable validation / service 342 may generate and /or associate the identification authentication for delivery of a medical good or service . information with a CDRP, and communicate that informa [0096 ] In some embodiments, an integration service 356 tion to the medical service provider service 348. provides associated methods and data structures for inte [ 0088 ] In one example , an individual shows up at a grating with external systems functionality . These function Doctor 's office for a medical service, e. g ., some type of alities are supported by data and data relations stored in one diagnostic scan . To authenticate that an individual has the or more databases of persistence layer 315 . right to the good or service , the individual would pull up the [0097 ] The integration service 356 may link system 300 to bar code or other identification information on a mobile various entities, such as linking to insurance companies, application , website etc ., for example , to display to the scheduling software , inventory software , etc. In some medical service provider, to redeem the good or service . In aspects of the system 300 , different portions of the func other cases, validation may be performed through functions tionality of the services described above may be imple integrated into their medical service provider 's management mented in external systems. In these cases, the integration software . service 356 may provide necessary information to , and [0089 ] The bar code/identification information will have retrieve necessary information from , external services and no identifying patient related information . This ensures databases . US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 [0098 ] In some embodiments, some or all of the services some aspects, the medical good or service information will in the services layer 310 may communicate with each other be stored in the goods and services database 366 , where each to better facilitate data organization and transfer . Similarly , particular instance of that medical good or service , with an some or all of the databases in the persistence layer 315 may associated redemption time, may be referenced and listed in communicate with each other to better facilitate data orga the product listing database 378 . In some cases , associating nization and transfer . and listing may be performed by the marketplace service [ 0099 ] In some aspects, one or more pieces of system 300 342 and/or the CDPR service 352. may be decentralized , in that various functionality may be 10104 ] FIGS . 5 - 12 illustrate flow charts of an example performed by different computing machine, for example, at process for transferring a contingently deliverable property, different locations. This may include portions or all of for example, that may be implemented by the contingently certain databases being provided by other systems, for deliverable property right platform 300 described above in example , external to system 300 , but accessible by one or reference to FIG . 3 and/or that utilizes the CDPR 400 more services of layer 310 . In one example , system 300 may described in reference to FIG . 4 . It should be appreciated interface with a utilization reviewer organization 's own that the following processes and sub - processes are only system or a medical service providers own system , to given by way of example, and that various modifications to provide the functionality described above . For example , the the following processes and sub - processes are contemplated scheduling service 350 may either be a system of the herein . medical providers, such that system 300 may only send f0105 ] FIG . 5 illustrates a sub - process 500 for transacting notifications to the scheduling service 350 to mark time slots a medical good or service , or example through system 300 . associated with purchased CDPRs for medical services, and In some cases , sub - process 500 may include requesting may not perform the actual task of scheduling the service as information and receiving one or more pieces of information booked or taken . In other cases, the scheduling service 350 through a UI provided by the marketplace service 342, and may interface with a medical provider 's system and may may include accessing the goods and services database 366 provide a calendar for scheduling purchased CDPRs for and the customer database 364 . medical services a booked . [0106 ] FIG . 6 illustrates a sub -process 600 , for example , [0100 ] In some cases, one or more databases of persistence thatmay be performed if a customer already has a prescrip layer 315 may be duplicated to enable the information in the tion for a medical good or service , as determined at opera databases to be accessed locally and via a network . tion 525 of sub -process 500 . Sub -process 600 may be 10101] In some aspects, parts of system 300 ( e. g ., certain performed by the prescription verification service 354 and services or functions of particular services, such as the may include accessing the prescription database 366 . marketplace service 342 ) may be provided to users through [0107 ] FIG . 7 illustrates a sub -process 700, for example , one or more applications , including desktop and mobile that may be performed if a customer does not have a versions. prescription for a medical good or service , as determined at [0102 ] FIG . 4 illustrates an example data structure 400 the operation 525 of sub -process 500 . Sub -process 700 may be represents or defines a CDPR . In one example , the CDPR performed at least in part by one or more of the medical data structure or object includes a customer ID field 405 , a service provider service 348 , the CDPR service 352 , the delivery field 410 , a provider and provider ID field ( e . g ., utilization review service 346 , and /or the marketplace ser medical provider) 415 , a product/service filed 420 , a time! vice 324, and may include accessing the customer database date slot filed 425 , an expiration date 430 , a delivery by date 364 , the goods and services database 366 , the provider/ 435 , a prescription requirement filed 440 , and a tax ID 445 . supplier database 370 / remote provider / supplier database In some cases, one or more of the fields 405 - 445 may be 370 - a , and the referral rules and commissions database 372 . optional. In some aspects, a CDPR unique ID may be [0108 ] FIG . 8 illustrates a sub -process 800 , for example , included with data structure 400 or be derived from one or that may be performed if a customer is an insurance com more field of data structure 400 . The CDPR unique ID may pany or utilization review organization , as determined at uniquely identify a medical good or service associated with operation 510 of sub -process 500 . Sub -process 800 may be ownership . Ownership , as described herein is independent performed by the utilization review service 346 , and may from delivery , such that ownership of a CDPR grants a include accessing the goods and services database 366 . transferable right to delivery of themedical good or service . 10109 ) FIG . 9 illustrates a sub -process 900 , for example , In some aspects , this transferable right is also contingent that may be performed after operations 730 or 725 of upon one or more conditions, such as proof of a valid sub -process 700 . Sub -process 900 may be performed by the prescription . In some cases ownership of a CDPR may only utilization review service 346 , and may include accessing provide this transferrable right. Each CDRP data structure the goods and services database 366 , the provider/supplier 400 may be managed by the CDPR service 352, and database 370 , and the insurance company rules database stored/accessed via the customer database 364 , the goods 374 /remote insurance company rules database 374 - a. and services database 366 , and/ or the product listings data 0110 ] FIG . 10 illustrates a sub - process 1000 , for example , base . that may be performed after operations 615 of sub-process 0103] In some aspects, ownership of a CDPR may be 600 . Sub -process 1000 may be performed by the market indicated in the customer database 364 . For example , when place service 342, and may include accessing the goods and a customer purchases or otherwise obtains a CDPR , the services database 366 , the provider/supplier database 370 / CDPR unique ID may be associated with the particular remote provider/ supplier database 370 -a , the product list customer in the customer database 364 . When a medical ings database 378 , and he referral rules and commissions good or service is first made available for transfer by system database 372 . 300 , identification of the good or service , and information 0111 ] FIG . 11 illustrates a sub -process 1100 , for example , thereof, may be stored in the product listing database 378. In that may be performed after operations 925 of sub - process US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 900. Sub -process 1100 may be performed by the market - disclosure is not to be limited to the examples and designs place service 342 , and may include accessing the goods and described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope services database 366 , the provider/supplier database 370 / consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed remote provider / supplier database 370 -a , the product list- herein . ings database 378 , and the referral rules and commissions What is claimed is: database 372. 1. A contingently deliverable property right (CDPR ) com [0112] FIG . 12 illustrates a sub-process 1200 , for example, puting system comprising : thatmay be performed after operations 920 of sub -process a processor ; and 900 . Sub -process 1200 may be performed by the market a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, place service 342 , and may include accessing the goods and storing instructions that when executed by the proces services database 366 , the provider /supplier database 370 / sor, cause the computing system to perform the fol remote provider/supplier database 370- a , the product list lowing operations: ings database 378 , and the referral rules and commissions generating a CDPR unique ID for a medical good or database 372 . service made available by a medical provider and [0113] FIGS. 13- 20 illustrate example user interfaces storing the CDPR unique ID and medical good or (UIS ) that may be provided by CDPR platform 300 service information in an object in the memory ; described in reference to FIG . 3 . In some cases, UIs 1300 receiving first ownership information corresponding to 2000 may be provided by marketplace services 364 in the medical good or service; and conjunction with one or more databases from persistence associating the first ownership information with the layer 315 . CDPR unique ID , wherein the CDPR unique ID 0114 ] FIG . 13 illustrates an example view 1300 of a UI, indicates a freely tradable right to take delivery of for example , that is provided by marketplace service 342 , the medical good or service . including options to search for a medical good or service to 2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the CDPR unique ID purchase . indicates only a freely tradable right to take delivery of the [0115 ] FIG . 14 illustrates an example view 1400 of a UI, medical good or service . for example , that is provided by marketplace service 342 , 3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein actual delivery of the including options to purchase a CDPR for a medical good or medical good or service is contingent upon at least one service . condition . [0116 ] FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrates example views 1500 4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one and 1600 of a UI, for example , that is provided by prescrip condition comprises a prescription requirement, wherein the tion verification service 354 , marketplace service 342 , and / instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause or medical service provider service 348 , including options the system to perform the following operations: and responses to check a prescription for redemption of a requesting prescription information corresponding to the medical good or service . prescription requirement; [0117 ] FIGS. 17 , 18 , and 19 illustrates example views upon receiving the prescription information , verifying 1700 1800 , and 1900 of a UI, for example , that is provided that the prescription information satisfies the prescrip by marketplace service 342, including options to search for tion requirement; and and purchase a CDPR for a medical good or service . based on the verification , authorizing at least one of [0118] FIG . 20 illustrates an example view 2000 of a UI, redemption, consumption , or delivery of the medical for example, that is provided by marketplace service 342 , good or service. including options to list a product or service in system 300 . 5 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the instructions, when [0119] It should be appreciated that example views of the executed by the processor, further cause the system to Uls described above in relation to FIGS. 13 - 20 are only perform the following operations : given by way of example . Other UIs featuring different receiving a request to redeem the medical good or service ; configurations and different selection options are contem receiving ownership verification information ; plated herein . comparing the ownership verification information with [0120 ] FIG . 21 illustrates an example process 2100 for the CDPR unique ID ; generating, transferring, and /or redeeming a CDPR having a requesting prescription information corresponding to the CDPR unique ID . Process 2100 may be performed by one or at least one condition ; more services of service layer 310 of system 300, utilizing upon receiving the prescription information , verifying information from one or more databases from persistence that the prescription information satisfies the prescrip layer 315 of system 300. Each operation indicated via tion requirement; and dashed lines indicates an optional operation , such that pro based on the comparison and the verification , authorizing cess 2100 may be performed , in some aspects, without the at least one of redemption , consumption , or delivery of optional operations . the medical good or service . [ 0121] The previous description of the disclosure is pro 6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when vided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the executed by the processor, further cause the system to disclosure . Various modifications to the disclosure will be perform the following operations: readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic receiving a request to redeem the medical good or service ; principles defined herein may be applied to other variations receiving ownership verification information ; without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure . comparing the ownership verification information with Throughout this disclosure the term " example” or “ exem the CDPR unique ID ; and plary ” indicates an example or instance and does not imply based on the comparison , authorizing redemption of the or require any preference for the noted example . Thus , the medical good or service . US 2017/0308674 A1 Oct. 26 , 2017 7 . The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when 14 . Themethod ofclaim 13 ,wherein the CDPR unique ID executed by the processor, further cause the system to indicates only a freely tradable right to take delivery of the perform the following operations : medical good or service . receiving second ownership information corresponding to 15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein actual delivery of the medical good or service ; and the medical good or service is contingent upon at least one associating the second ownership information with the condition . CDPR unique ID and storing the second ownership 16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one information and the CDPR unique ID as the object in condition comprises a prescription requirement, the method the memory. further comprising: 8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the instructions , when requesting prescription information corresponding to the executed by the processor , further cause the system to prescription requirement; perform the following operations: upon receiving the prescription information , verifying maintaining a record of the first ownership information , that the prescription information satisfies the prescrip wherein the record is associated with the CDPR unique tion requirement; and ID . based on the verification , authorizing at least one of 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions for redemption , consumption , or delivery of the medical receiving updated ownership information further comprise re good or service . instructions for processing a transfer of ownership of the 17 . The system of claim 15 , further comprising: medical good or service . receiving a request to redeem the medical good or service ; 10 . The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when receiving ownership verification information; executed by the processor, further cause the system to comparing the ownership verification information with perform the following operations : the CDPR unique ID ; providing at least a portion of the object to at least one of requesting prescription information corresponding to the a utilization reviewing service or a user interface to at least one condition ; indicate that the medical good or service is available. upon receiving the prescription information , verifying 11 . The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions , when that the prescription information satisfies the prescrip executed by the processor, further cause the system to tion requirement; and perform the following operations: based on the comparison and the verification , authorizing displaying at least a portion of the object in at least one at least one of redemption , consumption , or delivery of user interface , wherein the user interface comprises the medical good or service . selections for transferring ownership of the medical 18 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising: good or service . receiving a request to redeem the medical good or service ; 12 . The system of claim 1, wherein themedical good or receiving ownership verification information ; service is associated with a redemption time, wherein the comparing the ownership verification information with instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the CDPR unique ID ; and the system to perform the following operations: based on the comparison , authorizing redemption of the automatically sending a reservation corresponding to the medical good or service . redemption time to a scheduling system associated with 19 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising : the medical provider. receiving second ownership information corresponding to 13 . A method for transferring a contingently deliverable the medical good or service ; property right (CDPR ) associated with a medical good or associating the second ownership information with the service in a computerized system , the method comprising : CDPR unique ID and storing the second ownership generating a CDPR unique ID for a medical good or information and the CDPR unique ID as the object in service made available by a medical provider and the memory ; and storing the CDPR unique ID and medical good or maintaining a record of the first ownership information , service information in an object in the memory ; wherein the record is associated with the CDPR unique receiving first ownership information corresponding to ID . the medical good or service ; and 20 . The method of claim 13, further comprising: associating the first ownership information with the providing at least a portion of the object to at least one of CDPR unique ID , wherein the CDPR unique ID indi a utilization reviewing service or a user interface to cates a freely tradable right to take delivery of the indicate that the medical good or service is available . medical good or service . * * * * *